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Elsevier

This dashboard brings together data, trends, news, and other resources from Library Technology Guides describing the organization, its executive leadership, personnel employed, business history, as well as related features and news articles.

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Radarweg 29
Amsterdam, 1043 NX
Netherlands
Web: https://www.elsevier.com/
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Executive Leadership

photo of Youngsuk (YS) Chi
Youngsuk (YS) Chi
Non-executive Chairman
photo of Kumsal Bayazit
Kumsal Bayazit
Chief Executive Officer
photo of Ed Cassar
Ed Cassar
Chief Financial Officer
photo of Jill Luber
Jill Luber
Chief Technology Officer
photo of Jan bij de Weg
Jan bij de Weg
Senior Vice President and Global General Counsel
photo of Jan Herzhoff
Jan Herzhoff
President Health Markets
photo of Gino Ussi
Gino Ussi
President, Corporate Markets
photo of Judy Verses
Judy Verses
President, Academic and Government
photo of Anita Chandraprakash
Anita Chandraprakash
Executive Vice President, Operations
photo of Mirit Eldor
Mirit Eldor
Executive Vice President, Strategy
photo of Esra Erkal
Esra Erkal
Executive Vice President, Global Communications
photo of Mie-Yun Lee
Mie-Yun Lee
Chief of Staff and Executive Vice President Research Marketing

Company Ownership

Elsevier is part of RELX, a publicly traded company.

Mergers and Acquisitions

Mergers and Acquisitions for Elsevier

Documents or articles featuring Elsevier

Breeding, Marshall. Elsevier Acquires Bepress. September 2017. Smart Libraries Newsletter. In a move that continues its expansion into technologies and services supporting a diverse range of research activities, Elsevier has purchased bepress, a company best known for its repository solutions for academic libraries. Bepress, based in Berkeley, CA, offers a platform and services to support institutional repositories as well as a variety of tools to support editorial processes and to highlight and assess the impact of research publications. The acquisition of bepress represents Elsevier's latest investment in products outside its traditional role as a publisher of scientific literature. In recent years—likely in response to increased interest in open access, moderation of journal pricing, and other factors in the scholarly publishing industry—Elsevier has diversified its portfolio to include tools and services that tap into other aspects of the research process.

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News Announcements

October 23, 2025. Elsevier expands geographical pricing for open access to support greater participation in global research. Elsevier, a global leader in advanced information and decision support in science and healthcare, is expanding its Geographical Pricing for Open Access (GPOA) initiative to an additional 150 gold open access journals, following the success of its 2024 pilot. This expansion means around 300 journals will offer pricing based on geography to help authors in low- and middle-income countries publish their research open access.


September 29, 2025. Elsevier appoints Brent Gordon President of Healthcare Education unit. Elsevier, a global leader in information and analytics for science and healthcare, today announced the appointment of Brent Gordon as president of its global Healthcare Education business unit, which delivers cutting-edge nursing, health, and medical education content through advanced digital learning platforms—empowering the next generation of healthcare professionals and institutions worldwide. Currently, the unit serves more than 10 million learners and future healthcare professionals globally.


September 17, 2025. Redefining Research: Elsevier announces next-generation AI-powered researcher aolution. Elsevier, a global leader in advanced information and decision support in science and healthcare, announced it is developing a next-generation ‘end-to-end' AI-powered solution for academic and corporate researchers, in collaboration with the research community. The solution aims to transform the research workflow - helping scientists move faster from insights to impact while safeguarding resea


September 4, 2025. Elsevier launches PharmaPendium AI, designed to support faster and more reliable access to regulatory insights for drug development. Elsevier, a global information and analytics company, launches PharmaPendium AI, a generative AI assistant for regulatory intelligence in drug development. The solution transforms how regulatory affairs professionals, preclinical and clinical researchers access and apply information from US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency regulatory documents. PharmaPendium AI, layered on top of PharmaPendium, the company's trusted regulatory tool, delivers citation-backed answers to complex regulatory questions in seconds, helping users move faster with greater confidence. It streamlines the discovery and contextualization of actionable insights using retrieval augmented generation (RAG) and natural language processing. Early access users reported time savings of up to 66% per search and review session, potentially resulting in hundreds of hours saved each year.


September 4, 2025. IGI Global Scientific Publishing partners with ScienceDirect to expand access to its open access journals. IGI Global Scientific Publishing, dedicated to "Publishing Tomorrow's Research Today" since 1988, is pleased to announce a new partnership with ScienceDirect, Elsevier's world-leading platform dedicated to peer-reviewed primary scientific and medical research. Through this collaboration, IGI Global Scientific Publishing's open access journals – indexed in Scopus – will now be hosted on the ScienceDirect platform and accessible via the AI-driven discovery tools on ScienceDirect. This initiative enhances the visibility and accessibility of IGI Global Scientific Publishing's Open Access Journal Program, making articles readily available to ScienceDirect's extensive audience, including libraries and millions of researchers worldwide.


August 1, 2025. Elsevier launches Reaxys AI Search for natural language chemistry queries. Elsevier, a global leader in advanced information and decision support in science and healthcare, has introduced Reaxys AI Search, an innovative addition to the Reaxys platform that leverages AI-driven natural language processing to transform chemistry research. Reaxys is the first chemistry database to introduce natural language document search to enhance the discoverability of relevant documents as researchers navigate vast amounts of complex chemical research information.


June 5, 2025. Elsevier unveils rigorous evaluation framework to mitigate risk in generative AI clinical decision support tools. Elsevier, a global leader in medical information and data analytics, unveiled a groundbreaking evaluation framework for assessing the performance and safety of generative AI-powered clinical reference tools. This innovative approach has been developed for all Elsevier Health generative AI solutions, including ClinicalKey AI, Elsevier's advanced clinical decision support platform, and sets a new standard for responsible AI integration in healthcare. It will be featured in a future issue of the Open Access Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. The framework, designed with input from clinical subject matter experts across multiple specialties, evaluates AI-generated responses along five critical dimensions: query comprehension, response helpfulness, correctness, completeness, and potential for clinical harm. It serves as a comprehensive assessment to ensure that AI-powered tools not only provide accurate and relevant information but also align with the practical and current needs of healthcare professionals at the point of care.


March 12, 2025. Elsevier launches ScienceDirect AI to transform research with rapid mission-critical insights from trusted content. Elsevier, a global leader in advanced information and decision support, launches ScienceDirect AI, a cutting-edge generative AI tool for researchers. It is designed to transform the way researchers work by enabling them to instantly extract, summarize and compare trusted insights from millions of full-text articles and book chapters on ScienceDirect, the world's largest platform for trusted, peer-reviewed research. Researchers grapple with an ever-growing and overwhelming volume of information and need to quickly get accurate insights they can rely on. Studies show that they spend 25%-35% of their time sifting through literature. ScienceDirect AI helps address this challenge by drawing on the broadest and deepest content set of millions of peer-reviewed full-text research articles and book chapters to generate instant accurate summaries and highlight key findings, while providing references to support the reproducibility and integrity of research.


March 7, 2025. Elsevier Health launches HESI Clinical Practice Readiness Assessment (CPRA): the first assessment of its kind to assess nursing students' practice readiness. Elsevier Health, a global leader in medical information and data analytics, launched HESI Clinical Practice Readiness Assessment the first standardized, objective, and reliable assessment for faculty to assess nursing students' clinical judgment and practice readiness. The Next Generation National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX®) brings nursing students' clinical judgment to the forefront and has increased the focus on clinical preparedness, an area that studies continually cite as a weakness with new nurses.


March 4, 2025. Elsevier Health launches ClinicalKey AI. Elsevier Health, a global leader in medical information and data analytics, today launched ClinicalKey AI, the first and most advanced clinical decision support tool to be introduced in the US that combines the latest and most trusted medical content with generative artificial intelligence (AI) to help clinicians at the point of care. ClinicalKey AI has been launched in partnership with OpenEvidence, a company specializing in AI for medicine.


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Corporate Chronology

Jun 07, 2022 Elsevier acquires Interfolio
Elsevier has acquired Interfolio, a provider of advanced faculty information solutions for higher education, headquartered in Washington DC, US.

Nov 29, 2021 Elsevier acquires Osmosis.org
Elsevier acquired Osmosis, a US-based visual learning platform that has simplified the complex learning journey for millions of current and future healthcare professionals and their patients around the world.

Dec 09, 2020 Elsevier acquires Shadow Health
Elsevier acquired Shadow Health, a Florida-based developer of virtual simulations in nursing and healthcare education.

Aug 21, 2020 Elsevier acquires SciBite
Elsevier acquired SciBite, a semantic AI company headquartered in Cambridge, UK. SciBite's solutions identify and extract scientific insights from structured and unstructured text and content, to identify key concepts such as drugs, proteins, companies, targets, and outcomes. This semantically-enriched, machine-readable data, helps SciBite's customers around the world make streamlined, more efficient decisions. SciBite was founded in 2011 by Dr. Lee Harland, who currently serves as Chief Scientific Officer at the company.

Mar 11, 2020 Elsevier acquires Authess
Elsevier acquired Authess, the Boston-based developer of an advanced performance-based competency assessment platform that evaluates how students solve complex, open-ended problems they would encounter on the job. Founded in 2015, Authess built a scalable platform for authoring, delivering and scoring performance-based competency assessments. The company's machine-learning models and data analytics observe students as they work through a task, capturing not just their answers but their behaviour, process and problem-solving approach.

Nov 27, 2019 Elsevier acquires 3D4Medical for $50.6 million
Elsevier acquired 3D4Medical, the global anatomy education company headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. 3D4Medical created Complete Anatomy, the world's most advanced 3D anatomy platform, revolutionizing how students, educators, health professionals and patients understand and interact with anatomy. With outstanding technology and design that pushes the boundaries of how people learn using advanced 3D visualization tools, Complete Anatomy has garnered more than a million registered users at more than 300 of the world's top universities.

Jul 29, 2019 Elsevier acquires Parity Computing
Elsevier signed a definitive agreement to acquire Parity Computing, a California-based business that employs artificial intelligence to provide high-accuracy entity resolution, profiling and recommendations for STM content and applications in the world of research. Parity provides disambiguation technology for Elsevier's abstract and indexing databases that help researchers, universities, national bodies and other stakeholders improve decision-making and answer critical questions. Resolving ambiguities in entities and relationships that appear in publications lays the foundation for the analytics and decision support capabilities of Scopus.

Feb 15, 2019 Kumsal Bayazit appointed Chief Executive Officer of Elsevier
Elsevier appointed Kumsal Bayazit as Chief Executive Officer effective February 15, 2019.

Dec 09, 2018 Elsevier acquires Science-Metrix
Elsevier has acquired Science-Metrix Inc., a research evaluation firm that provides science research evaluation and analytics to assess science and technology activities. Headquartered in Montréal, Canada, Science-Metrix is known for high-quality and independent bibliometric analysis and research evaluation.

Sep 10, 2018 Elsevier acquires Aries Systems
Elsevier completed its acquisition of Aries Systems, a leader in scientific publication workflow solutions headquartered outside Boston, Massachusetts. Aries' offerings are used by journals, books and other publications for manuscript submission, peer review, production tracking and eCommerce.

Apr 05, 2018 Elsevier launches Mendeley Data
Elsevier launched Mendeley Data, a new, cloud-based platform designed to help universities and researchers manage, share and showcase their research data. With Mendeley Data, researchers can safely record and share research data while improving its reuse via publication, while universities can showcase institutional outputs and improve their collaboration rate.

Jan 17, 2018 Elsevier acquires Via Oncology
Elsevier acquired Via Oncology, a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based company that provides decision support and best practices in cancer care management. A former subsidiary of UPMC, one of the nation's leading integrated healthcare delivery and financing systems, Via Oncology helps cancer centers demonstrate the value of their care to patients, referring physicians and payers by developing and implementing clinical pathways in collaboration with its network of more than 1,500 US cancer care providers.

Aug 02, 2017 Elsevier acquires Bepress
Elsevier has acquired bepress, a Berkeley, California-based business that helps academic libraries showcase and share their institutions' research for maximum impact. Founded by three University of California, Berkeley professors in 1999, bepress allows institutions to collect, organize, preserve and disseminate their intellectual output, including preprints, working papers, journals or specific articles, dissertations, theses, conference proceedings and a wide variety of other data.

Feb 02, 2017 Elsevier acquires Plum Analytics
Elsevier acquired Plum Analytics from EBSCO Information Services, a global information services company providing research and discovery platforms and access to premium content. The acquisition will enable Elsevier to significantly expand access to Plum Analytics’ altmetrics to more researchers and more institutions.

May 17, 2016 Elsevier acquires the Social Science Research Network
Elsevier acquires the Social Science Research Network and plans to strengthen it alongside Mendeley's technology platform

May 17, 2016 Elsevier acquires SSRN
Elsevier acquires Social Science Research Network, with plans to strengthen it alongside Mendeley's technology platform, marks a significant advancement for each community of users

Jul 01, 2015 Elsevier Acquires InferMed
Elsevier acquired InferMed, a London-based clinical decision support technology company. InferMed's Arezzo technology supports clinicians in choosing the most appropriate treatment path for each patient. Arezzo matches appropriate evidence-based guidelines with patient information and dynamically evaluates best-practice options in the light of current patient and disease information. Arezzo helps physicians improve care outcomes while taking unnecessary costs out of the system.

Feb 25, 2015 Reed Elsevier becomes RELX
From February 25, ownership of all Reed Elsevier businesses, subsidiaries and financing activities below the two listed parent companies, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV, has been transferred to a new single group entity. This entity has been named RELX Group plc. RELX Group plc will continue to be owned by Reed Elsevier PLC, the London listing vehicle, and Reed Elsevier NV, the Amsterdam listing vehicle, although we will be asking shareholders at the Annual General Meeting to change their names to RELX PLC and RELX NV respectively.

Feb 25, 2015 Elsevier parent company Reed Elsevier becomes RELX Group
All Reed Elsevier businesses, subsidiaries and financing activities below the two listed parent companies, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV, has been transferred to a new single group entity. This entity has been named RELX Group plc. RELX Group plc will continue to be owned by Reed Elsevier PLC, the London listing vehicle, and Reed Elsevier NV, the Amsterdam listing vehicle, although we will be asking shareholders at the Annual General Meeting to change their names to RELX PLC and RELX NV respectively.

Jan 12, 2015 Elsevier acquires Newsflo
Elsevier has acquired Newsflo, a London-based company that helps researchers and academic institutions to measure the wider impact of their work by tracking and analyzing media coverage of their publications and findings.

Jul 12, 2014 Elsevier acquires Amirsys
Elsevier acquired Amirsys. Focused on visually oriented medical disciplines like radiology, pathology and anatomy, Amirsys' global solutions give healthcare providers the expert information and clinical decision support (CDS) tools to make informed, expert and evidence-based diagnoses. Amirsys also provides learning environments that help those training in these disciplines to sharpen their diagnostic skills and increase their knowledge.

Aug 12, 2013 Elsevier acquires Woodhead Publishing
Elsevier announced it has acquired Woodhead Publishing Limited, an award-winning, UK-based publisher known for its high-quality content in the fields of materials science, food science, engineering, energy & environmental technology, textile technology and biomedicine. The acquisition of Woodhead Publishing also includes Chandos Publishing, which is known for its strong publishing program in library information science and Asian studies.

Aug 07, 2013 Elsevier acquires certain book assets of Gulf Publishing Company
Elsevier acquired certain book assets of Gulf Publishing Company. The portfolio of 32 books includes petroleum engineering titles in drilling, pipeline, oil and gas, and safety. The GPC titles are for professionals in upstream oil and gas engineering and cover drilling, recovery methods, reservoir management, processing, and pipeline transmission.

Apr 09, 2013 Elsevier acquires Mendeley
Elsevier announced the acquisition of Mendeley, a London-based company that operates a global research management and collaboration platform. Researchers worldwide use Mendeley's desktop and cloud-based tools to manage and annotate documents, create citations and bibliographies, collaborate on research projects and network with fellow academics.

Jan 08, 2013 Elsevier acquires Aureus Sciences
Elsevier acquired Aureus Sciences, a Paris, France based privately held company that provides databases and information tools to pharmaceutical and biotech companies. Formed in 2002, Aureus Sciences gathers unique and high quality quantitative biological activity data for major therapeutic drug targets. This content enables researchers to identify the most promising compounds, repurpose existing compounds and identify targets with which the new compounds might interact.

Jan 07, 2013 Elsevier acquires Knovel
Elsevier announced the acquisition of Knovel Corp. New York City-based Knovel provides a web-based application that integrates technical information with analytical and search tools to drive innovation and deliver answers engineers can trust. Founded in 2001, Knovel has developed a deep knowledge of the engineering community and is a valuable tool for thousands of engineers and students in more than 700 corporations and engineering schools worldwide. Knovel integrates information and data from more than 100 engineering societies and publishers and makes it highly searchable and interactive so that engineers can easily manipulate the data they find and use it in other engineering applications.

Sep 10, 2012 Elsevier acquires ExitCare
Elsevier acquired ExitCare, an enterprise-wide solution for patient education and discharge instructions. ExitCare provides peer-reviewed patient education and discharge instructions to support clinicians, empower patients and help providers meet their patients' educational needs.

Aug 15, 2012 Elsevier Acquires Atira and its Pure research information system
Elsevier announced the acquisition of Atira, a provider of software and tools that help academic institutions and researchers manage and improve their research outcomes. Atira complements Elsevier's SciVal by expanding the scope of data to report on research activities across an academic institution, and by broadening the range of tools and dashboards to analyse those data. Atira's main product, Pure, is a flexible research information system that enables the planning, evaluation and reporting of research activities.

Jul 2012 Taylor & Francis acquires Focal Press from Elsevier

Jan 12, 2012 Elsevier acquires QUOSA
Elsevier acquired QUOSA a content management and workflow productivity solutions provider for researchers and information managers. QUOSA's current solutions and platform, including its Information Manager and Virtual Library, will continue to be supported. QUOSA's technological capabilities will be developed into Elsevier-branded solutions, raising the efficiency of the search and discovery process. They will also allow researchers and information professionals to manage information more efficiently at the various stages of the research workflow including organizing, archiving and sharing.

Dec 08, 2011 Elsevier acquires Ariadne Genomics
Elsevier acquiredf the business assets of Ariadne Genomics, a provider of pathway analysis tools and semantic technologies for life science researchers. Ariadne will be integrated with Elsevier's Corporate Markets division.

May 09, 2011 Elsevier acquires Fisterra.Com
Elsevier acquired Fisterra.com, an award winning, widely used e-clinical reference solution in Spain. Fisterra was launched in 2002 by two primary care doctors and a medical librarian in response to the need for an online short answer Spanish language reference solution to help primary care physicians. Fisterra.com provides access to Fisterrae, an advanced e-clinical reference solution that integrates support resources for health professionals in a local language platform. Fisterrae is written by doctors and pharmacists and is kept permanently up to date by following medical journals, reviews by the Cochrane Library and the most important databases of clinical practice guidelines.

Oct 18, 2010 Omnicom Group acquires Excerpta Medica from Elsevier
Omnicom Group's Diversified Agency Services has acquired Amsterdam-based medical communications agency Excerpta Medica from Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier Group plc. Excerpta Medica will become a division of DAS's Adelphi, a group of businesses that provide multiperspective healthcare solutions to the pharmaceutical industry. Excerpta will continue to operate as an independent business, with offices in Amsterdam, New Jersey and London.

Jun 09, 2010 Elsevier acquires Collexis
Elsevier acquired assets from Collexis Holdings, a leading developer of semantic technology and knowledge discovery software. The combination of Elsevier's content and Collexis' semantic technology will provide institutions and researchers new ways to collaborate, showcase accomplishments and improve grant related workflow efficiencies.

Jan 05, 2010 Elsevier acquires NurseSquared
Elsevier acquired NurseSquared, the leading electronic health record (EHR) training product in the market that teaches students how to properly document using a simulated EHR. The NurseSquared training tool allows Elsevier to offer a more complete curriculum solution, including an EHR training tool, to academic customers.

Jan 20, 2009 Elsevier acquires William Andrew Publishing
Elsevier acquired the publishing assets of William Andrew, Inc. Over the last 18 months, Elsevier and William Andrew have built a valuable strategic alliance including print distribution of William Andrew books globally outside of North America and electronic distribution of William Andrew content on Elsevier's globally renowned electronic publishing platforms: Science Direct and Engineering Village.

Oct 2007 Symyx Technologies, Inc. acquires MDL from Elsevier

Nov 21, 2006 Francisco Partners acquires Endeavor Information Systems from Elsevier
The Ex Libris Group, a leading worldwide developer and provider of high-performance applications for libraries and information centers, today announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement with Francisco Partners, one of the world's largest technology-focused private equity funds, for the acquisition of 100% of the Company's shares. This acquisition will enable Ex Libris to continue expanding its geographical reach and explore acquisition opportunities for complementary products in the library automation and e-resource markets.

Oct 13, 2006 Reed Elsevier sells Harcourt Education, Harcourt Trade and Greenwood-Heinemann Divisions to Houghton Mifflin Company
Houghton Mifflin Company and its parent, Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, today announced that Houghton Mifflin has completed the acquisition of the Harcourt Education, Harcourt Trade and Greenwood-Heinemann divisions from Reed Elsevier

May 26, 2005 Reed Elsevier acquires Netter publications from MediMedia
Reed Elsevier announces binding offer to acquire MediMedia's European and US Netter professional medical publishing businesses for €270

2004 Elsevier launches SCOPUS
Scopus - covering 14,000 scientific titles plus 167 million scientific web pages, and delivering the largest collection of abstracts ever collected online in one place, going back forty years - is now commercially available for trial and sale to any institution.

2002 Reed Elsevier becomes Elsevier

Apr 2000 Elsevier Science acquires Endeavor Information Systems
In April 2000, the founders of Endeavor Information Systtems sold the company to Elsevier Science, an Amsterdam-based multinational publisher of scientific scholarly literature.

Apr 1999 Elsevier acquires Cell Press from Benjamin Lewin

1998 Reed Elsevier acquires The Beilstein Database, BioMedNet, ChemWeb, Engineering Information from Current Science Group.

Mar 24, 1997 Reed Elsevier acquires MDL Information Systems
Elsevier Science to acquire MDL Information Systems for $320 Million. MDL Information Systems, Inc. is a leading provider of integrated solutions that accelerate high-throughput discovery and development in the life science and chemical industries. MDL's software systems, databases and services help customers manage, communicate, and analyse the volumes of data associated with modern R&D workflows. With applications supporting chemical and biological information management, bioinformatics, automated synthesis and screening, and materials science, MDL is committed to keeping pace with new technologies in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology industries.

Mar 1997 Elsevier launched ScienceDirect
Elsevier launched ScienceDirect, its platform of peer-reviewed scholarly literature.

1997 Elsevier acquires JAI Press

Jan 01, 1993 Reed International merges with Elsevier NV to form Reed Elsevier PLC
Reed Elsevier came into existence on January 1, 1993 when Reed International P.L.C., a UK company, and Elsevier NV, a Dutch company, contributed all their businesses to two jointly owned companies; Reed Elsevier plc, an operating company and Elsevier Reed BV, a finance company. Reed Elsevier is the name used to refer to the combination of Reed International P.L.C. and Elsevier NV and the two jointly owned subsidiaries. Under the equalization arrangements agreed at the time of the merger, ordinary shareholders in Reed International P.L.C. and Elsevier NV enjoy substantially equivalent dividend and capital rights with respect to their ordinary shares in the net income and net assets of Reed Elsevier.

1991 Elsevier launches The University Licensing Project (TULIP)

1991 Elsevier purchases Pergamon Press from Maxwell for $440 million
See New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/29/business/maxwell-selling-pergamon-cornerstone-of-his-empire.html

1991 Elsevier acquires The Lancet from Hodder & Stoughton

Sep 1986 Reed International acquires Technical Publishing Co. from Dun & Bradstreet for $250 million
Cahners Publishing Company, part of Reed International, acquired Technical Publishing Co. from Dun & Bradstreet for $250 million

1981 Elsevier acquires Focal Press

1979 Elsevier acquires Congressional Information Services

1979 Elsevier acquires Congressional Information Service and Greenwood Publishing

1972 Excerpta Medica acquired by Elsevier

1971 Elsevier Publishing Company NV, North Holland Publishing Company, and Excerpta Medica merge to form Excerpta Medica

1971 Elsevier acquires Excerpta Medica
Elsevier acquires the medical abstracting service and databank Excerpta Medica.

Jan 01, 1970 Elsevier Science Publishers acquires North Holland Publishing Company

1962 Elsevier Publishing Company launched in the United States and United Kingdom

1880 Elsevier was founded as a small Dutch publisher (NV Uitgeversmaatschappij Elsevier)
Elsevier founded in Rotterdam by five Dutch booksellers, led by Jacobus George Robbers.